Water Softening Plant

Softening is a process where Calcium and Magnesium ions are exchanged for sodium ions. Calcium and Magnesium ions associated with Alkalinity contribute for scale formation. These ions are also called as total hardness. The strong acid cation resins in sodium form are used for softening the water. When the resins are exhausted, they are regenerated with brine solution (sodium chloride) 10% of 15% brine solution is normally used for the regeneration. If the brine solution is passed from the bottom of the resins and service flow is from the top, then it is called as up flow softener. If the service and regeneration flows are from top to bottom, it is called as down flow softeners. The softeners are run up to the Hardness level of 5 ppm as CaCo3 in the treated water. Which is called as Industrial Zero hardness.